Under Article 23 of Kuwait's Decree-Law No. 157 of 2024, taxpayers are mandated to maintain all necessary books, records, documents, and information pertinent to their business activities. This obligation is essential for preparing financial statements and accurately defining taxable income for QDMTT purposes. The law stipulates a retention period of ten years, starting from the expiry date of the relevant tax period. In cases of non-compliance with this article, the Tax Department is authorised to conduct a tax assessment on an estimated basis, using whatever information is available, without affecting its right to impose other applicable fines and penalties.